Hepatitis C treatment is no longer prohibitively expensive in the Global South because Malaysia, Thailand, Egypt and the Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative developed ravidasvir – a low-cost antiviral. Such breakthroughs are possible for other neglected diseases if low- and middle-income countries agree to act collectively.
Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam have a sizeable presence in the global REE supply chain – now a geopolitical focal point – but although they may have substantial reserves, their REE production levels are still lower than China's.
Last December's launch of Malaysia's first national EV could spur local component production, but this could be constrained by market conditions while the country's old supply chain, in which the carmaker remains heavily invested, will endure.