Focusing only on emergency planning, disaster response, and recovery after each climate catastrophe is no longer enough in Europe. Policymakers urgently need to start mapping Europe’s long-term future, which will require a fundamental overhaul of its infrastructure, energy system, and major economic sectors. By Giulio Boccaletti

Rather than designing solutions for half the farming population, agricultural researchers, policymakers, and others must consider the specific needs and preferences of women farmers in developing countries. Only then can the huge female agricultural labour force reach its potential to ensure food security and drive economic growth. By Ruth Khasaya Oniang’o and Peter Kelly

An intense heatwave across India and Pakistan is exposing the growing risks of extreme heat and humidity as climate change drives more frequent and severe weather extremes. By Oluwafemi Adeyeri and Sarah Perkins-Kirkpatrick

Trees are one of the most popular responses because they provide shade and reduce the amount of heat absorbed by surrounding surfaces. But outdoor comfort depends on more than air temperature alone. By Mohammad A Rahman