COP30 delivered gains on climate finance and forests but stalled on fossil fuel phaseout – exposing both the limits of consensus talks and the growing role of action outside negotiations.
With the planet headed for well beyond 1.5°C of warming, the stakes for business are rising. Those who confront climate risk now could unlock what many economists say is the growth story of the century.
Three decades after the optimism of the 1992 Earth Summit, the climate regime faces a tough test. The retreat of multilateralism and the rules-based international order has left COP30 struggling to hold together the fading promise of global action.