Despite rising coal production in India, job losses loom over the sector as mines are closed. The most vulnerable people in India's energy transition are the growing numbers of informal workers and their families.

Studio EB Small-to-medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a crucial role as the unacknowledged economic backbone of Malaysia, accounting for 38 per cent of the nation's GDP. However, these enterprises face obstacles in adopting sustainability compliance, primarily due to insufficient funding, expertise and manpower.

The Malaysian bank is the first to set decarbonisation targets for the sector, aiming to cut portfolio emissions intensity by 16 per cent by 2030. However, its commitment does not directly include smallholders, who are not within its existing base of clients.

Loss and damage finance with greater community leadership can bring better and fairer outcomes, experts say.