While tensions around the Strait of Hormuz are rattling global oil markets, energy security is no longer defined solely by access to fossil fuels. What China has understood, and Europe has not, is that security now depends on electricity systems that can deliver low-cost power at scale and support heavy industry. Oleh Emmanuel Guérin

Instead of allowing external powers to dictate their development, China, India, Japan, South Korea, and Vietnam have balanced strategic international engagement with domestic capacity-building and decision-making. This model has become newly relevant for Canada, the United Kingdom, and other middle powers. Oleh Ashok Lavasa dan Roli Asthana

Energy shocks expose Asia Pacific's gas gamble, as plunging battery costs and flexible demand tools emerge as cheaper, more secure alternatives to ‘transition fuel’ liquified natural gas. Oleh Gareth Walsh dan Jordan Lee

Malaysia's longstanding system of fossil fuel subsidies was built to stabilise prices, but these cannot hold up in prolonged crises of war, supply chain disruptions and volatile fuel markets. Oleh Ganesha Pillai