The world has started to recognise that the climate’s fate depends on what happens to the ocean. At COP30, ocean-based solutions attracted significant attention and investment, but much more must be done to establish the governance structures required for safeguarding this critical planetary system. Oleh Kilaparti Ramakrishna

Despite accurate forecasts, weak cyclones in South Asia triggered deadly floods – highlighting how warmer oceans are amplifying rainfall and reshaping cyclone risks in a warming climate. Oleh Ligin Joseph

A landmark UN treaty will soon govern two-thirds of the world’s oceans – testing whether nations can balance conservation with competition for deep-sea resources. Oleh Naporn Popattanachai

The Planetary Health Check is a warning but if we treat science as a compass and act together, we can reverse planetary decline. Oleh Mary Robinson