The race to secure critical minerals has intensified at the same time as the international community has recognised the need for more sustainable and responsible mining practices. Translating the resulting frameworks and guidelines into concrete action will require consolidating Global South policy and advocacy networks. Oleh Hasrul Hanif

Green policy targets environmental outcomes, while industry and trade focus on jobs and growth. When misaligned, green efforts stall and competitiveness weakens. Oleh William Sabandar

A system built on renewables introduces new risks, as critical bottlenecks shift to refining, processing, and mineral-supply chains. Oleh Dianne Araral dan Eduardo Araral

If they are serious about a sustainable future, they must close loopholes and extend coal policies across clients’ entire value chains, denying new financing to companies using coal unless they have credible, time-bound clean energy plans. Oleh Binbin Mariana