In a tense closing plenary, countries protested the lack of finance and new adaptation indicators, amid a failure to include fossil fuels in the final agreement. The hard-won inclusion of the just transition work programme was overshadowed by vague funding promises and the exclusion of critical minerals.
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from fossil fuels and cement will rise around 1.1 per cent in 2025, reaching a record 38.1 billion tonnes of CO2 (GtCO2), according to the latest figures from the Global Carbon Project.
Malaysia aims to peak emissions by 2035, introducing a new absolute emissions reduction target. Indonesia has set an earlier peak emissions date of 2030, with large-scale reforestation a key pathway.
A year-long government “sandbox” study identifies recurring conflicts in solar, aquaculture-solar, micro-hydropower and geothermal projects, prompting policy reforms …