Evolutionary game theory is useful to devise strategies for real-life situations such as international negotiations and ecological crises, where players are unequal, and choices are complex.
Philanthropy's impact depends less on the amounts raised and more on how effectively it connects people and organisations working to build a sustainable blue economy.
As climate change and great-power rivalry intensify, oceans are emerging as a geopolitical frontier – testing whether diplomacy can manage rising tensions over shipping routes, seabed minerals and fishing grounds.