Evolutionary game theory is useful to devise strategies for real-life situations such as international negotiations and ecological crises, where players are unequal, and choices are complex.
As climate change and great-power rivalry intensify, oceans are emerging as a geopolitical frontier – testing whether diplomacy can manage rising tensions over shipping routes, seabed minerals and fishing grounds.
A landmark UN treaty will soon govern two-thirds of the world’s oceans – testing whether nations can balance conservation with competition for deep-sea resources.