Perhaps the most unsettling lesson from the closure of the Strait of Hormuz is the gap between what we knew and how we prepared. Countries should use whatever easing of immediate pressures occurs to strengthen resilience before the next shock arrives. Oleh Máximo Torero

Cities have shown that a combination of adaptation measures and energy efficiency can save lives, improve well-being, reduce energy costs, and create conditions for sustainable growth. A new partnership seeks to help mayors and city leaders scale up these efforts through technical and financial assistance. Oleh Michael R Bloomberg dan Teresa Ribera

Rather than designing solutions for half the farming population, agricultural researchers, policymakers, and others must consider the specific needs and preferences of women farmers in developing countries. Only then can the huge female agricultural labour force reach its potential to ensure food security and drive economic growth. Oleh Ruth Khasaya Oniang’o dan Peter Kelly

The need for massive upfront investments and the likelihood of significant job displacement imply remarkable parallels between the AI buildout and the green transition. In both cases, the state has an important role to play in guiding market forces on behalf of the public good. Oleh Gernot Wagner dan Adam Michael Bauer