The closure of the Strait of Hormuz showed how quickly a regional conflict can throw global energy markets into chaos. By pushing governments toward coal and biofuels, the war could accelerate deforestation and undermine climate negotiations, with environmental consequences that will linger long after the fighting ends. Oleh Carlos Nobre, Johan Rockström dan Robert Muggah

Green steel faces weak domestic demand in Indonesia, as prices remain 30 to 60 per cent higher than conventional alternatives. Oleh Muhammad Arief Virgy

Perhaps the most unsettling lesson from the closure of the Strait of Hormuz is the gap between what we knew and how we prepared. Countries should use whatever easing of immediate pressures occurs to strengthen resilience before the next shock arrives. Oleh Máximo Torero

Rather than designing solutions for half the farming population, agricultural researchers, policymakers, and others must consider the specific needs and preferences of women farmers in developing countries. Only then can the huge female agricultural labour force reach its potential to ensure food security and drive economic growth. Oleh Ruth Khasaya Oniang’o dan Peter Kelly