Sustainability standards and ratings do not generate enough information for businesses to understand their environmental impacts across scales and create mitigation plans to avoid further transgression of planetary boundaries.
COP30 delivered gains on climate finance and forests but stalled on fossil fuel phaseout – exposing both the limits of consensus talks and the growing role of action outside negotiations.
A decade ago, few governments could imagine a future without fossil fuels. But economic realities have changed and developing countries increasingly view the energy transition as a pathway to green growth.