Last year’s UN Climate Change Conference in Belém, Brazil, put forests high on the climate agenda. This month’s UN Climate Change Conference in Antalya, Turkey, can do the same for the ocean, whose warming threatens not just food and energy security but global survival.
More than 1,500 vessels stranded by the Strait of Hormuz blockade risk spreading invasive marine species when they resume voyages, posing a wider biosecurity threat.
As climate change and great-power rivalry intensify, oceans are emerging as a geopolitical frontier – testing whether diplomacy can manage rising tensions over shipping routes, seabed minerals and fishing grounds.